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Tarbela Dam
Tarbela Dam ((ウルドゥー語:تربیلا بند)) on the Indus River in Pakistan is the largest earth filled dam in the world and second largest by structural volume. It is name after town Tarbela located in Haripur District,〔()〕 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, about northwest of Islamabad, near Topi. The dam is high above the riverbed. The dam forms the Tarbela Reservoir, with a surface area of approximately . The dam was completed in 1976 and was designed to store water from the Indus River for irrigation, flood control, and the generation of hydroelectric power.
==Description==
The project is located at a narrow spot in the Indus River valley, at Tarbela in Haripur, shortly located at the point from where the District Swabi then starts. Here the river formerly split around a large island close to the left bank. The footprints of Tarbela can be traced back to British Indian times when the river and the small natural reservoir was in use in one way or other.The main dam wall, built of earth and rock fill, stretches from the island to river right, standing high. A pair of concrete auxiliary dams spans the river from the island to river left. The spillways, located on the auxiliary dams, in turn consist of two parts. The main spillway has a discharge capacity of and the auxiliary spillway, . The outlet works are a group of four tunnels that have been cut through the valley wall at river right, for uses of hydropower generation and flow control. These tunnels were originally used to divert the Indus River while the dam was being constructed.
Most of the Machinery Installed in the project was imported from Italy and other foreign Countries by the efforts of a Rawalpindi-based famous Pakistani Businessman Muhammad Ahsaan who was also the Procurement Manager of the project. MA hydroelectric power plant on the right side of the main dam houses 14 generators fed with water from outlet tunnels 1, 2, and 3. There are four 175 MW generators on tunnel 1, six 175 MW generators on tunnel 2, and four 432 MW generators on tunnel 3, for a total generating capacity of 3,478 MW. Tarbela Reservoir is long, with a surface area of . The reservoir holds of water, with a live storage of . The catchment area upriver of the Tarbela Dam is spread over of land largely supplemented by snow and glacier melt from the southern slopes of the Himalayas. There are two main Indus River tributaries upstream of the Tarbela Dam. These are the Shyok River, joining near Skardu, and the Siran River near Tarbela.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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